基本概念对比 WinForm布局 采用绝对定位（固定坐标） 基于像素的精确定位 控件大小固定 缺乏弹性布局能力 主要依赖Location和Size属性 WPF布局 采用相对定位 基于设备独立单位(DPI) 控件大小可自适应 强大的弹性布局能力 使用Margin、Padding等相对属性 布局容器对比 WinForm常用容器 public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1 () { InitializeComponent(); // Panel作为容器 Panel panel = new Panel(); panel.Location = new Point( 10 , 10 ); panel.Size = new Size( 200 , 100 ); panel.BackColor=Color.Red; // GroupBox作为容器 GroupBox groupBox = new GroupBox(); groupBox.Location = new Point( 10 , 120 ); groupBox.Size = new Size( 200 , 100 ); groupBox.Text = "分组" ; this .Controls.Add(panel); this .Controls.Add(groupBox); } }
WPF常用布局容器 <!-- WPF中的布局容器示例 --> < Window x:Class = "WpfApp.MainWindow" xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "450" Width = "800" > <!-- StackPanel垂直布局 --> < StackPanel > < Button Content = "按钮1" Margin = "5" /> < Button Content = "按钮2" Margin = "5" /> <!-- Grid网格布局 --> < Grid > < Grid.RowDefinitions > < RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> < RowDefinition Height = "*" /> </ Grid.RowDefinitions > < Grid.ColumnDefinitions > < ColumnDefinition Width = "*" /> < ColumnDefinition Width = "2*" /> </ Grid.ColumnDefinitions > < TextBlock Text = "标签1" Grid.Row = "0" Grid.Column = "0" /> < TextBox Grid.Row = "0" Grid.Column = "1" /> </ Grid > <!-- DockPanel停靠布局 --> < DockPanel LastChildFill = "True" > < Button DockPanel.Dock = "Left" Content = "左" /> < Button DockPanel.Dock = "Right" Content = "右" /> < Button DockPanel.Dock = "Top" Content = "上" /> < Button DockPanel.Dock = "Bottom" Content = "下" /> < TextBlock Text = "中间" /> </ DockPanel > </ StackPanel > </ Window >
主要区别分析 坐标系统 button1.Location = new Point( 100 , 100 ); // 固定位置 button1.Size = new Size( 80 , 30 ); // 固定大小 < Button Margin = "10,10,0,0" Height = "Auto" Width = "Auto" > < Button.LayoutTransform > < ScaleTransform ScaleX = "1" ScaleY = "1" /> </ Button.LayoutTransform > </ Button > 控件排列方式 WinForm的控件排列 public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1 () { InitializeComponent(); ArrangeControls(); } // WinForm中需要手动计算控件位置 private void ArrangeControls () { int x = 10 ; int y = 10 ; foreach (Control ctrl in this .Controls) { ctrl.Location = new Point(x, y); y += ctrl.Height + 5 ; // 手动计算下一个控件的位置 } } } 设计样式
运行后
WPF的控件排列 <!-- WPF自动排列控件 --> < StackPanel Orientation = "Vertical" > < Button Content = "按钮1" Margin = "5" /> < Button Content = "按钮2" Margin = "5" /> < Button Content = "按钮3" Margin = "5" /> </ StackPanel >
响应式布局 WinForm的响应式处理 // WinForm需要手动处理窗体大小变化 private void Form1_Resize (object sender, EventArgs e) { // 手动计算并调整控件大小和位置 textBox1.Width = this .ClientSize.Width - 20 ; button1.Location = new Point( this .ClientSize.Width - button1.Width - 10 , this .ClientSize.Height - button1.Height - 10 ); } WPF的响应式处理 <!-- WPF自动处理响应式布局 --> < Grid > < Grid.RowDefinitions > < RowDefinition Height = "*" /> < RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> </ Grid.RowDefinitions > < TextBox Grid.Row = "0" Margin = "10" /> < Button Grid.Row = "1" Content = "确定" HorizontalAlignment = "Right" Margin = "10" /> </ Grid >
这块区别就大了，在Winform中要类似得用Dock了，得灵活性没有这个强。
高级布局特性 WPF独有的布局特性 内容对齐 < StackPanel > < Button Content = "左对齐" HorizontalAlignment = "Left" /> < Button Content = "居中" HorizontalAlignment = "Center" /> < Button Content = "右对齐" HorizontalAlignment = "Right" /> < Button Content = "拉伸" HorizontalAlignment = "Stretch" /> </ StackPanel >
面板嵌套 < DockPanel > < StackPanel DockPanel.Dock = "Left" Width = "200" > < Button Content = "菜单1" /> < Button Content = "菜单2" /> </ StackPanel > < Grid DockPanel.Dock = "Right" > < Grid.RowDefinitions > < RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> < RowDefinition Height = "*" /> </ Grid.RowDefinitions > < TextBlock Text = "内容区域" Grid.Row = "0" /> < ListBox Grid.Row = "1" /> </ Grid > </ DockPanel >
实际应用示例 复杂表单布局 WinForm实现 public partial class ComplexForm : Form { public ComplexForm () { InitializeComponent(); // 需要大量代码来实现布局 TableLayoutPanel table = new TableLayoutPanel(); table.Dock = DockStyle.Fill; table.ColumnCount = 2 ; table.RowCount = 3 ; Label label1 = new Label(); label1.Text = "姓名：" ; TextBox textBox1 = new TextBox(); table.Controls.Add(label1, 0 , 0 ); table.Controls.Add(textBox1, 1 , 0 ); // 继续添加更多控件... } } TableLayoutPanel 这个控件个人一直以为不是一个靠谱的控件，用起来不太得劲。
WPF实现 < Window x:Class = "WpfApp.ComplexForm" xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title = "复杂表单" Height = "450" Width = "800" > < Grid Margin = "10" > < Grid.RowDefinitions > < RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> < RowDefinition Height = "*" /> < RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> </ Grid.RowDefinitions > <!-- 表单头部 --> < StackPanel Grid.Row = "0" > < TextBlock Text = "用户信息" FontSize = "20" FontWeight = "Bold" /> < Separator Margin = "0,5" /> </ StackPanel > <!-- 表单内容 --> < Grid Grid.Row = "1" Margin = "0,10" > < Grid.ColumnDefinitions > < ColumnDefinition Width = "Auto" /> < ColumnDefinition Width = "*" /> </ Grid.ColumnDefinitions > < Grid.RowDefinitions > < RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> < RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> < RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> </ Grid.RowDefinitions > < TextBlock Text = "姓名：" Grid.Row = "0" Grid.Column = "0" VerticalAlignment = "Center" Margin = "0,0,10,0" /> < TextBox Grid.Row = "0" Grid.Column = "1" Margin = "0,5" /> < TextBlock Text = "年龄：" Grid.Row = "1" Grid.Column = "0" VerticalAlignment = "Center" Margin = "0,0,10,0" /> < TextBox Grid.Row = "1" Grid.Column = "1" Margin = "0,5" /> < TextBlock Text = "备注：" Grid.Row = "2" Grid.Column = "0" VerticalAlignment = "Top" Margin = "0,0,10,0" /> < TextBox Grid.Row = "2" Grid.Column = "1" Height = "100" TextWrapping = "Wrap" AcceptsReturn = "True" Margin = "0,5" /> </ Grid > <!-- 表单底部 --> < StackPanel Grid.Row = "2" Orientation = "Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment = "Right" > < Button Content = "保存" Width = "80" Margin = "0,0,10,0" /> < Button Content = "取消" Width = "80" /> </ StackPanel > </ Grid > </ Window >
总结 WPF布局的优点 更现代的布局系统 更好的自适应能力 更强的可扩展性 支持复杂的布局嵌套 更好的设备适配能力 WinForm布局的优点 简单易用 直观的设计器 快速开发 适合简单应用 学习成本低 选择建议 如果是新项目，建议使用WPF 如果是简单工具类应用，可以考虑WinForm 如果需要复杂UI和良好的可维护性，强烈推荐WPF 如果需要快速开发原型，WinForm是不错的选择
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